Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an old virus that was first detected in Bangladesh in 2017. It is a common virus that typically causes cold-like symptoms. While most cases are mild, severe illness can occur in young children (especially those under 5 years), older adults (over 65 years), and individuals with weakened immune systems, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The virus spreads through direct contact, such as coughing, sneezing, or shaking hands, and by touching contaminated surfaces like toys, door handles, or phones. There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV; most people recover at home. However, severe cases may require hospital care, including oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, or steroids. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.

A heart attack occurs when an artery that sends blood and oxygen to the heart is blocked due to atherosclerosis. According to the latest data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), combined cardiovascular issues account for a significant 21.12% of all deaths in the country. Common symptoms include chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing or aching, pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly, cold sweat, fatigue, heartburn or indigestion, sudden dizziness, nausea & shortness of breath. Women may have atypical symptoms such as brief or sharp pain felt in the neck, arm or back.

Diarrhoeal Diseases are the second leading cause of death of children under five years of age. Globally, there are nearly 2 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease every year and in 2019, diarrhoea killed around 500,000 children under five years of age, which means it has killed around 1,400 children under five years of age every day (more than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined).      

Dengue fever, transmitted by mosquitoes, is a significant health concern worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. As of 7th December 2023, 316,160 people ( including 40% women & 17% children between 0-15 years old ) have been infected with dengue, with 1,643 deaths. Symptoms range from mild fever and headache to severe joint pain and hemorrhagic fever, posing a threat to millions annually. With no specific treatment available, prevention through mosquito control and bite avoidance remains crucial in combating this potentially deadly disease.

COVID-19 remains a significant health concern globally, characterized by respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe, and in some cases, fatal. Its highly contagious nature and potential for asymptomatic transmission pose challenges for containment efforts. Vaccination campaigns, alongside public health measures like mask-wearing and social distancing, are crucial in mitigating its spread and reducing its impact on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations. Vigilance and adherence to guidelines remain paramount in navigating this ongoing public health crisis.